THIRD SECTION

CASE OF BLAGOJEVIĆ v. SERBIA

(Application no. 61604/10)

JUDGMENT

STRASBOURG

24 May 2016

This judgment is final. It may be subject to editorial revision.

In the case of Blagojević v. Serbia,
The European Court of Human Rights (Third Section), sitting as a Committee composed of:
	Pere Pastor Vilanova, President,
	Branko Lubarda,
	Georgios A. Serghides, judges,
and Stephen Phillips, Section Registrar,
Having deliberated in private on 3 May 2016,
Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date:
PROCEDURE
1.  The case originated in fourteen applications (nos. 61604/10, 62492/10, 62499/10, 62658/10, 62668/10, 63100/10, 63108/10, 63123/10, 63137/10, 63145/10, 63356/10, 63494/10, 63510/10, 63587/10, and 64856/10) against Serbia lodged with the Court under Article 34 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) on 29 September 2010. The applicants are all Serbian nationals, and their further personal details are set out in the appendix to this judgment.
2.  The applicants were all represented before the Court by Mr M. Marjanović and Ms M. Dedović-Marjanović, lawyers practicing in Leskovac. The Serbian Government (“the Government”) were represented by their Agent at the time, Ms V. Rodić.
3.  On 5 June 2013 the applications were communicated to the Government.
THE FACTS
Article I.	I.  THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CASE
Section 1.01	A.  Civil proceedings brought by the applicants
4.  All applicants were former employees of “LETEKS” u stečaju (the debtor), which was, at the relevant time, a company predominantly comprised of socially-owned capital.
5.  Since the debtor failed to fulfil its contractual obligations towards its employees, on an unspecified date, the applicants instituted civil proceedings against it.
6.  On 18 April 2008 the Leskovac Municipal Court ordered the debtor to pay the applicants specified amounts on account of salary arrears, plus the costs and expenses of the civil proceedings.
7.  On 3 October 2010 the above judgment became final.
8.  Between 20 November 2008 and 30 November 2009 all applicants filed separate requests for the enforcement of the above judgment.
9.  The Leskovac Municipal Court ultimately accepted the applicants’ requests and issued the enforcement orders, respectively. The essential information as to the enforcement proceedings in respect of each application is outlined in the Annex to this judgment.
Section 1.02	B.  Insolvency proceedings
10.  On 25 January 2011 the Leskovac Commercial Court opened insolvency proceedings in respect of the debtor (St. 47/2010).
11.  The applicants duly submitted their respective claims.
12.  On an unspecified date the applicants’ claims based on the judgment of 18 April 2008 were formally recognised.
13.  The insolvency proceedings against the debtor are still ongoing.
Section 1.03	C. Other relevant facts
14.  On 31 March 2010, the applicants lodged a constitutional appeal.
15.  On 8 July 2013 the Constitutional Court dismissed the appeal in respect of all applicants except the applicants Ms Jagoda Jančić (application no. 62499/10), Mr Predrag Stamenković (application no. 63100/10) and Ms Stana Stanković (application no. 63137/10).
16.  On 18 September 2013 the Constitutional Court also found a violation of the right to a hearing within a reasonable time, in respect of Ms Jančić, Mr Stamenković and Ms Stanković. It further awarded each of them 500 euros (EUR) as just satisfaction for non-pecuniary damage and ordered the court in Leskovac to expedite the proceedings.
Article II.	II. RELEVANT DOMESTIC LAW AND PRACTICE
17.  The relevant domestic law concerning the status of socially-owned companies, as well as enforcement and insolvency proceedings, has been outlined in the cases of R. Kačapor and Others v. Serbia, nos. 2269/06 et al., §§ 57-64 and 71-76, 15 January 2008, and Jovičić and Others v. Serbia (dec.), no. 37270/11, §§ 88-93, 15 October 2013. Furthermore, the case-law of the Constitutional Court in respect of socially-owned companies, together with the relevant provisions concerning constitutional redress has likewise been outlined in the admissibility decision in Marinković v. Serbia (dec.), no. 5353/11, §§ 26 -29 and 31-44, 29 January 2013, the judgment in Marinković v. Serbia, no. 5353/11, §§ 29-31, 22 October 2013, and the decision in Ferizović v. Serbia (dec.), no. 65713/13, §§ 12-17, 26 November 2013.
THE LAW
Article III.	I. JOINDER OF THE APPLICATIONS
18.  The Court considers that, in accordance with Rule 42 § 1 of the Rules of Court, the applications should be joined, given their common factual and legal background.
Article IV.	II. ALLEGED VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 6 OF THE CONVENTION AND ARTICLE 1 OF PROTOCOL NO. 1 TO THE CONVENTION
19.  The applicants complained about the respondent State’s failure to enforce the final judgment of 18 April 2008. They relied on Article 6 of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention which, in so far as relevant, read as follows:
Article 6
“In the determination of his civil rights and obligations ..., everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law.”
Article 1 of Protocol No. 1
“Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions. No one shall be deprived of his possessions except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law and by the general principles of international law.
The preceding provisions shall not, however, in any way impair the right of a State to enforce such laws as it deems necessary to control the use of property in accordance with the general interest or to secure the payment of taxes or other contributions or penalties.”
Section 4.01	A.  Admissibility
20. Concerning applicants Ms Jagoda Jancić, Mr Predrag Stamenković and Ms Stana Stanković, the Government argued that the applications should be declared inadmissible, since the Constitutional Court awarded each applicant EUR 500 and therefore provided them with adequate redress. Concerning all other applicants, the Government submitted that their applications should be declared inadmissible since they failed to fulfil the requirement to properly substantiate their allegations before the Constitutional Court. The Government lastly maintained that all applications in the present case should be declared inadmissible for abuse of the applicants’ right to lodge a petition. Specifically, it was not clear whether the legal representatives of the applicants had indeed received specific and explicit instructions from the applicants in this case.
21.  The applicants disagreed.
22.  The Court observes that it has already held in cases such as the applicants’ that a constitutional appeal should be considered to be an effective domestic remedy within the meaning of Article 35 § 1 of the Convention, but only in respect of applications lodged against Serbia after 21 June 2012 (see Marinković v. Serbia, cited above, § 59). Therefore the applicants who lodged their respective applications on 29 September 2010 were not obliged to make use of the constitutional avenue. In any event, they provided proper evidence to the Court that they had initiated enforcement proceedings concerning the final domestic judgment in question and had also submitted their respective claims in the insolvency proceedings.
23.  Having regard to its case-law (Stošić v Serbia, no. 64931/10, §§ 66-68, 1 October 2013), the Court further reiterates that as regards applicants Ms Jagoda Jancić, Mr Predrag Stamenković and Ms Stana Stanković, in respect of whom the Constitutional Court found a violation of the right to a hearing within a reasonable time, an award of EUR 500 for non-pecuniary damage cannot be considered as sufficient redress (Scordino v. Italy (no. 1) [GC], no. 36813/97, §§ 211-216, ECHR 2006‑V). Therefore, these applicants must still be considered as victims within the meaning of Article 34 of the Convention.
24.  Finally, given the general nature of the Government’s argument, the Court finds no grounds whatsoever for concluding that the applicants’ applications to the Court are an abuse of the right of individual application.
25.  The Court, therefore, rejects all the Government’s objections.
26.  Since the applicants’ complaints are neither manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 (a) of the Convention nor inadmissible on any other grounds, they must be declared admissible.
Section 4.02	B.  Merits
27.  The Court notes that the domestic judgment under consideration in the present case has remained unenforced to date.
28.  The Court observes that it has frequently found violations of Article 6 of the Convention and/or Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention in cases raising issues similar to those raised in the present case (see R. Kačapor and Others, cited above, §§ 115-116 and § 120; Crnišanin and Others v. Serbia, nos. 35835/05 et seq., §§ 123-124 and §§ 133-134, 13 January 2009).
29.  Having examined all the material submitted to it, the Court considers that the Government have not put forward any fact or argument capable of persuading it to reach a different conclusion in the present circumstances. Accordingly, there has been a breach of Article 6 of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention also in the case under consideration.
Article V.	III. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 41 OF THE CONVENTION
30.  Article 41 of the Convention provides:
“If the Court finds that there has been a violation of the Convention or the Protocols thereto, and if the internal law of the High Contracting Party concerned allows only partial reparation to be made, the Court shall, if necessary, afford just satisfaction to the injured party.”
Section 5.01	A.  Damage, costs and expenses
31.  The applicants requested that the State be ordered to pay them, from its own funds: (i) the judgment debt, plus the costs of the enforcement proceedings; (ii) EUR 4,000 each in respect of non-pecuniary damage; and (iii) EUR 30,500 in total for the costs and expenses incurred before the Court.
32.  The Government contested these claims.
33.  Having regard to the violations found in the present case and its own case-law (see, for example, R. Kačapor and Others, cited above §§ 123-26; and Crnišanin and Others, cited above, § 139), the Court considers that the Government should pay to the applicants the sums awarded in the final domestic judgment of 18 April 2008 (see paragraph 6 above), as well as the established costs of the enforcement proceedings, less any amounts which may have already been paid on this basis.
34.  Furthermore, the Court considers that the applicants sustained some non-pecuniary loss arising from the breaches of the Convention found in this case. Making its assessment on an equitable basis, as required by Article 41 of the Convention, the Court considers it reasonable and equitable to award EUR 2,000 to each applicant, less any amounts which may have already been paid in that regard at the domestic level, to cover any non-pecuniary damage, as well as costs and expenses incurred before the Court (see Stošić v. Serbia, no. 64931/10, §§ 66 and 67, 1 October 2013).
Section 5.02	B.  Default interest
35.  The Court considers it appropriate that the default interest rate should be based on the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank, to which should be added three percentage points.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COURT, UNANIMOUSLY,
1.  Decides to join the applications;

2.  Declares the applications admissible;

3.  Holds that there have been violations of Article 6 of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention;

4.  Holds
(a)  that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, from its own funds and within three months, the sums awarded in the judgment rendered in their favour, less any amounts which may have already been paid on this basis;
(b)  that the respondent State is to pay the applicants, within the same period, EUR 2,000 (two thousand euros) each in respect of non-pecuniary damage, costs and expenses, plus any tax that may be chargeable to the applicants, which is to be converted into the currency of the respondent State at the rate applicable at the date of settlement; (c)  that from the expiry of the above-mentioned three months until settlement simple interest shall be payable on the above amounts at a rate equal to the marginal lending rate of the European Central Bank during the default period plus three percentage points;

5.  Dismisses the remainder of the applicants’ claim for just satisfaction.
Done in English, and notified in writing on 24 May 2016, pursuant to Rule 77 §§ 2 and 3 of the Rules of Court.
	Stephen Phillips	Pere Pastor Vilanova
	Registrar	President

APPENDIX

No.	Application
no.	Applicant name
date of birth
place of residence	Final domestic decision details	Enforcement order details
	Constitutional Court decision details, amount awarded as compensation for non-pecuniary damage	
1.		61604/10	Živana BLAGOJEVIĆ
13/07/1955
Leskovac
	Municipal Court in Leskovac
P1. 1414/06, P1. 670/07, P1. 2813/07, P1. 2814/07, P1. 3305/07 of 18 April 2008	Leskovac Court of First Instance
30/11/2009
2I. 705/10 of 14/06/2010	Už-3673/2013 of 8 July 2013
Constitutional appeal dismissed 	
2.		62492/10	Grana ILIĆ
25/07/1962
Leskovac
	Municipal Court in Leskovac
P1. 1414/06, P1. 670/07, P1. 2813/07, P1. 2814/07, P1. 3305/07 of 18 April 2008	Leskovac Court of First Instance
30/11/2009
2I. 708/10 of 14/06/2010	Už-3673/2013 of 8 July 2013
Constitutional appeal dismissed 	
3.		62499/10	Jagoda JANČIĆ
04/12/1949
Leskovac
	Municipal Court in Leskovac
P1. 1414/06, P1. 670/07, P1. 2813/07, P1. 2814/07, P1. 3305/07 of 18 April 2008
(The judgment in question concerns both, the applicant’s claim and the applicant’s late husband’s claim. The applicant is recognized as her late husband’s heir by the Leskovac Municipal Court’s decision no. O. 984/09 of 20 August 2009)	Leskovac Court of First Instance
Municipal Court in Leskovac
20/11/2008
I. 2014/09, I 2009/09, I. 2082/09, I.  2012/09 of 12/10/2009
I. 2079/09 of 9/10/2009	Už-1795/2010 of 18 September 2013
500 Euros	
4.		62658/10	Ljubiša MARKOVIĆ
21/03/1950
Leskovac
	Municipal Court in Leskovac
P1. 1414/06, P1. 670/07, P1. 2813/07, P1. 2814/07, P1. 3305/07 of 18 April 2008	Leskovac Court of First Instance
27/11/2009
2I. 694/10 of 15/06/2010	Už-3673/2013 of 8 July 2013
Constitutional appeal dismissed 	
5.		62668/10	Zoran MARKOVIĆ
27/09/1954
Leskovac
	Municipal Court in Leskovac
P1. 1414/06, P1. 670/07, P1. 2813/07, P1. 2814/07, P1. 3305/07 of 18 April 2008	Leskovac Court of First Instance
30/11/2009
2I. 703/10 of 14/06/2010	Už-3673/2013 of 8 July 2013
Constitutional appeal dismissed 	
6.		63100/10	Predrag STAMENKOVIĆ
13/01/1957
Leskovac
	Municipal Court in Leskovac
P1. 1414/06, P1. 670/07, P1. 2813/07, P1. 2814/07, P1. 3305/07 of 18 April 2008	Leskovac Court of First Instance
20/11/2008
The domestic court failed to issue the enforcement order.
In May 2011, the applicant requested enforcement in the insolvency proceeings.	Už-1795/2010 of 18 September 2013
500 Euros	
7.		63108/10	Siniša STAMENKOVIĆ
21/06/1951
Leskovac
	Municipal Court in Leskovac
P1. 1414/06, P1. 670/07, P1. 2813/07, P1. 2814/07, P1. 3305/07 of 18 April 2008	Leskovac Court of First Instance
27/11/2009
2I. 700/10 of 15/06/2010	Už-3673/2013 of 8 July 2013
Constitutional appeal dismissed 	
8.		63123/10	Jovan STANKOVIĆ
04/02/1949
Leskovac
	Municipal Court in Leskovac
P1. 1414/06, P1. 670/07, P1. 2813/07, P1. 2814/07, P1. 3305/07 of 18 April 2008	Leskovac Court of First Instance
27/11/2009
2I. 698/10 of 15/06/2010	Už-3673/2013 of 8 July 2013
Constitutional appeal dismissed 	
9.		63137/10	Stana STANKOVIĆ
30/08/1951
Leskovac
	Municipal Court in Leskovac
P1. 1414/06, P1. 670/07, P1. 2813/07, P1. 2814/07, P1. 3305/07 of 18 April 2008	Leskovac Court of First Instance
20 /11/ 2008
The domestic court failed to issue the enforcement order.
In May 2011, the applicant requested enforcement in the insolvency proceedings.	Už-1795/2010 of 18 September 2013
500 Euros	
10.		63145/10	Ljiljana STEFANOVIĆ
21/09/1952
Leeskovac
	Municipal Court in Leskovac
P1. 1414/06, P1. 670/07, P1. 2813/07, P1. 2814/07, P1. 3305/07 of 18 April 2008	Leskovac Court of First Instance
27/11/2009
2I. 697/10 of 15/06/2010	Už-3673/2013 of 8 July 2013
Constitutional appeal dismissed 	
11.		63356/10	Sladanka STOJANOVIĆ
07/04/1954
Leskovac
	Municipal Court in Leskovac
P1. 1414/06, P1. 670/07, P1. 2813/07, P1. 2814/07, P1. 3305/07 of 18 April 2008	Leskovac Court of First Instance
27/11/2009
2I. 696/10 of 15/06/2010	Už-3673/2013 of 8 July 2013
Constitutional appeal dismissed 	
12.		63494/10	Stojanka STOJANOVIĆ
28/08/1960
Leskovac
	Municipal Court in Leskovac
P1. 1414/06, P1. 670/07, P1. 2813/07, P1. 2814/07, P1. 3305/07 of 18 April 2008	Leskovac Court of First Instance
27/11/2009
2I. 695/10 of 15/06/2010	Už-3673/2013 of 8 July 2013
Constitutional appeal dismissed 	
13.		63510/10	Bratislav STOJILJKOVIĆ
24/11/1951
Leskovac
	Municipal Court in Leskovac
P1. 1414/06, P1. 670/07, P1. 2813/07, P1. 2814/07, P1. 3305/07 of 18 April 2008	Leskovac Court of First Instance
30/11/2009
2I. 704/10 of 14/06/2010	Už-3673/2013 of 8 July 2013
Constitutional appeal dismissed 	
14.		63587/10	Marina STOJILKOVIĆ
03/10/1964
Leskovac
	Municipal Court in Leskovac
P1. 1414/06, P1. 670/07, P1. 2813/07, P1. 2814/07, P1. 3305/07 of 18 April 2008	Leskovac Court of First Instance
30/11/2009
2I. 711/10 of 14/06/2010	Už-3673/2013 of 8 July 2013
Constitutional appeal dismissed 	
15.		64856/10	Mirka PAVLOVIĆ- SIMONOVIĆ
25/11/1958
Leskovac
	Municipal Court in Leskovac
P1. 1414/06, P1. 670/07, P1. 2813/07, P1. 2814/07, P1. 3305/07 of 18 April 2008	Leskovac Court of First Instance
30/11/2009
2I. 712/10 of 14/06/2010	Už-3673/2013 of 8 July 2013
Constitutional appeal dismissed